TurboFPs

- Superbright fluorescence
- Very fast maturation
- For research and commercial use

TurboFPs are fluorescent proteins of different colors characterized by superbright fluorescence and superior fast maturation. These proteins are recommended for applications requiring fast appearance of bright fluorescence, including cell and organelle labeling or tracking promoter activity.

Spectral diversity

Normalized excitation / emission spectra

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Available proteins

CHARACTERISTIC	TurboGFP	TurboYFP	TurboRFP	TurboFP602	TurboFP635
* Brightness is a product of extinction coefficient and quantum yield, divided by 1000. ** For stable cell lines generation and organelle labeling we recommend that you use PhiYFP. Ext.coeff. – extinction coefficient.


Fluorescence color	green	yellow	red (orange)	true-red	far-red
Excitation max (nm)	482	525	553	574	588
Emission max (nm)	502	538	574	602	635
Quantum yield	0.53	0.53	0.67	0.35	0.34
Ext. coeff. (M^-1cm^-1)	70 000	105 000	92 000	74 400	65 000
Brightness*	37.1	55.7	61.6	26.0	22.1
Brightness, % of EGFP	112	169	187	79	67
pKa	5.2	5.9	4.4	4.7	5.5
Structure	dimer	dimer	dimer	dimer	dimer
Cell toxicity	not observed	at high concentrations**	not observed	not observed	not observed
Aggregation	no	at high concentrations**	no	no	no
Maturation rate at 37°C	super fast	super fast	super fast	fast	super fast
Molecular weight (kDa)	26	26	26	26	26


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