- Bright fluorescence
- Excellent performance in whole body imaging
- For research and commercial use
Deep-tissue imaging using fluorescent proteins allows direct and non-invasive observation of the biological processes inside living organisms. The major difficulty of fluorescent imaging within whole animals is the light absorption by melanin and hemoglobin, as well as light scattering. Both absorption and scattering become less pronounced as the light wavelength increases. The optimal "optical window", which is most transparent for the visualization in living tissues, is considered to be between 650-700 and 1100 nm. Therefore, use of far-red or near infrared fluorescent proteins drastically increases sensitivity of the whole body imaging comparing to conventional FPs.
Evrogen offers expression vectors encoding far-red and near infrared fluorescent proteins perfectly suitable for such application.
* Brightness is a product of extinction coefficient and quantum yield, divided by 1000. ** Although NirFP is characterized by fast maturation in E. coli, due to low brightness it requires up to 48 hours for detection after transfection in mammalian cells.
Fluorescence color
far-red
near-infrared
near-infrared
Excitation max (nm)
588
592
605
Emission max (nm)
633
650
670
Quantum yield
0.44
0.24
0.06
Ext. coeff. (M-1cm-1)
67 000
65 000
70 000
Brightness*
29.5
15.6
4.2
Brightness, % of EGFP
89
47
13
pKa
5.4
5.7
4.5
Structure
dimer
dimer
dimer
Cell toxicity
not observed
not observed
not observed
Aggregation
no
no
no
Maturation rate at 37°C
super fast
super fast
fast**
Molecular weight (kDa)
26
26
26
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